History paper 1

 SECTION A

1. Identify the branch of history that studies occupation of people 

• Economic history 

2. State two political effects of the migration of Rendile into Kenya during the pre-colonial period 

• Increased warfare with the neighbouring communities 
• Led to formation  of new military alliances in the region e.g Rendile and Samburu against the Turkana 

3. Identify one age grade for elders among the Akamba 

• Junior elders/Anake 
• Medium elders/Nthele 
• Full elders/Atumia ma kivalo 

4. Give one reason why the East African coast was strategically important  for the Portuguese in the 15th C. 

• Presence of deep natural harbours 
• Access of the East African Communities through the sea 

5. Give two roles of the Portuguese Captain at the Coast 

• To collect taxes from the coastal rulers 
• To impose export and import custom duties 
• To suppress any form of resistance and rebellion 
• They were responsible for good governance on behalf of the viceroy based in Goa, India 

6. identify two categories of people eligible for registration as Kenyan citizens

(i) One must lawfully reside in Kenya continuously for at least seven years

(ii) A child who is not a Kenyan citizen by be adopted by a Kenyan citizen

(iii) A person must be married to a Kenyan citizen for at least seven years

7. State two causes of economic conflicts in Kenya

• Dispute over natural resources e.g. water, pasture, land and oil
• unequal allocation of natural resources
• Difference between employer and workers
• Difference over trading policies e.g. taxation
• Failure to adhere to contractual obligation

8. which constitutional amendment made Kenya a de jure one party state

• Introduction of section 2A of the constitution

9. Give two rights of the older members contained in the constitution of Kenya

Right :

• To fully participate in the affairs of the society
• To pursue their personal development
• To live in dignity and respect
• To be free from abuse
• To receive reasonable care and assistance from the family

10. Name two duties of a chief during colonial administration in Kenya

• Maintenance of law and order
• Hearing of petty cases
• Tax collection
• Labour recruitment/ army conscriptions

11. Give two grievances of the Asians that led to Devonshire white paper

• They wanted equal rights with settlers, especially in white Highlands
• They wanted their restrictions on immigration to be done away with
• They disliked separate taxation and segregated education
• They wanted racial discrimination and political injustices practised by the white to end

12. Highlight two roles played by Daniel Toroitich Arap Moi in the provision of education in Kenya   (2mks) 

 i. He introduced 8-4-4 system of education

 ii. Introduced school milk to retain learners in school and increase enrolment

iii.  Expanded facilities for tertiary education and so increased access

13. Give one example of a civil case that is handled by the Kadhis Courts in Kenya.     (1mk) 

 i. Divorce

 ii. Marriage 

iii. Inheritance

iv.  Personal status.       Any 1 x 1 = 1mark

14. Identify two sources of Nyayo philosophy.  (2mks) 

i.  African Socialism/Sessional paper No.10 of 1965

ii.  Bible/Christianity/Biblical teachings on Ten Commandments

iii. The Moi’s long political career/experience.

Any 2x1 = 2marks

15. What is the main role of the Attorney -General in Kenya.    (1mk) 

•  Is the principal/chief legal advisor to the government  1 point @1mark

16. Give one level of government in Kenya today.              (1mk) 

 i.  National government

ii.  County Government.                                                      Any 1 x 1 = 1 mark

17. Name two types of public expenditure.                                                                    (2mks)

i. Capital

ii. Recurrent.        2 x 1 = 2 marks

SECTION B (45 MARKS) 

Answer any three questions from this section. 

18. a) State three similarities in the political organization of the Ameru and Abagusii of Kenya in the 19th Century.  (3mks) 

i. The clan formed the basic unit 

ii.  Leadership was by council of elders

iii.  Both had warriors who defended the society

iv. In both cases the council of elders settled disputes

v.  By sharing specialists like medicine men and seers

Any 3x1 = 3marks

b) Explain six results of the migration and settlement of the Maasai into Kenya during the pre-colonial period.  (12mks) 

i.  They intermarried with their neighbouring communities which strengthened their relations

ii. Led to increased trading activities with their neighbours from whom they obtained what they lacked

iii. They displaced some communities whom they came into contact with

iv.  They assimilated/absorbed some communities who had settled in the region earlier leading to extinction of the absorbed groups

v.  Led to increased inter community warfare because they competed for resources

vi.  They adopted cultural activities of the communities that they interacted with

vii.  It led to population increase/expansion in the region/area where they settled thereby forcing some communities who had settled in the region to migrate /population redistribution

viii.  It led to adoption of new economic activities like the practise of agriculture from neighbouring communities

ix.  It led to improvement of military techniques of some communities after borrowing from the Maasai

x.  Some neighbouring communities adopted social -political ways of the Maasai for example the institution of the orkoiyot by the Nandi

 Any 6x2 = 12 marks

19. a) Give five causes of the Somali resistance to the British colonial rule in Kenya.   (5mks) 

i.  The Somali were opposed to the division of Somaliland into British/Italian sphere of influence.

ii. They were opposed to punitive expedition sent against them by the British

iii. The Somali being Muslims were opposed to being controlled by the British who were Christians

iv. The British attempted to stop the Somali from raiding their neighbours

v. The British wanted the Somali to stop their nomadic way of life

vi. The Somali were against the British control of their pastureland/watering points

 Any 5x1 = 5marks 

b) Discuss five negative effects of the British colonial rule in Kenya         (10mks) 

i.  The British colonial rule led to the loss of political independence among the Kenyan communities

ii. The rule led to the creation of reserves for Africans which led to squatters

iii.  The British rule led to the introduction of forced labour among the Africans

iv. It undermined African cultural practices.

v.  The rule led to introduction of taxation on Kenyans

vi. Africans lost their land to the Europeans

vii.  There was introduction of kipande system to monitor the movement of Africans in Kenya

viii.  People lost their lives due to the British harsh rule

ix. The British colonial rule led to the destruction of traditional African political systems.

Any 5 well explained @ 2 marks = 10 marks

20. a) State five factors that contributed to urbanisation in colonial Kenya.                 (5mks) 

i. The construction of the Uganda railway

ii.  Asians established dukas/shops at different points which attracted human settlement

iii.  Administrative bases /posts set up by the government grew into towns

iv.  Large scale settler agriculture

v. Agro-based industries such as flour processing plants attracted labourers

vi. Mining activities drew people to areas such as Magadi and Kakamega

vii. Towns developed along feeder roads

viii.  Some grew along institutions like hospital schools

 Any 5x1 = 5 marks

b) Explain Five reasons which promoted the growth of African nationalism in Kenya between 1945and 1963.    (10mk)

i. The acquisition of Western education by many Africans enabled them to understand political developments and forcefully demand for independence

ii.  The experience of ex-soldiers in the Second World War made them to realize that Europeans were not superior hence demand for self-rule

iii.  The decolonization policy by the United Nations inspired African nationalists to press for independence

iv. The support given by Pan-Africanists in demanding for political independence gave Africans confidence 

v.  The signing of the Atlantic Charter in 1961 inspired Africans to demand for self -rule

vi.  The realization by Britain that colonies were expensive to administer hence the need to grant them self-rule

vii.  The failure by the colonial government to reward the ex- World War II soldiers increased the agitation for independence

viii. The granting of independence to India in 1947 inspired Africans to demand for political independence 

ix. The Mau Mau uprising and its activities hastened the independence as they fought for land rights among other grievances

x.  The formation of nation-wide political parties like KANU and KADU which mobilized Africans against colonial rule

xi. The Labour Party in Britain was in favour of decolonization of her former colonies, this inspired the nationalists

Any 5 points well explained @2 marks = 10 marks

21 (a) State three characteristics of early political organizations up to 1939.                 (3mks) 

i.  They were led by young missionary-educated Africans

ii.  They received support from the Asians

iii. They were ethnic based

iv.  They had similar grievances/demands

v.  They attracted a small membership

vi. They demanded an end to economic exploitation instead of political independence 

vii. They used non-violence means to express their grievances

Any 3x1 = 3 marks 

b) Outline five ways in which the Harambee philosophy has promoted social development in Kenya since independence.   (10mks)

i.  Funds have been raised which has enabled sick people to receive treatment locally /abroad

ii.  It has enabled the construction of social amenities like hospitals/schools

iii. It has promoted sporting activities by financing training/competition

iv.  It has promoted the spirit of hard work

v.  It has promoted education by providing scholarship to needy students

vi. It has promoted interaction of the people/unity

vii.  It has supplemented government efforts in the provision of social services to the people

 Any 5 well explained = 10 marks  

SECTION C (30MKS) 

Answer any two questions from this section. 

22. a) Give five circumstances under which one’s right to life may be limited.    (5mks)

 i. When a person acts in self-defence

ii.  When a person acts in defence of their property

iii.  When security officers act to prevent the escape of a person who is lawfully detained

iv.  When security officers suppress a riot/rebellion /mutiny

v.  When security officers act to prevent an individual from committing a crime

vi.  When the country is at war

Any 5x1 = 5marks 

b) Explain five effects of conflicts in Kenya.   (10mks) 

i. Massive displacement of people /people become refugees

ii.  Fear/insecurity due to anarchy /state of lawlessness

iii. Loss of lives as many people are killed

iv. Destruction of property like farms and buildings

v. Starvation due to crop destruction and disruption of agricultural activities

vi. People become poor due to decline of economic decline/poverty

vii.  Human suffering/misery becomes widespread

 Any 5 x2 =10 marks 

23. a) State three reasons why General elections are important in Kenya. (3mks) 

i. They provide Kenyans with an opportunity to choose political leaders

ii.  Enable Kenyans to exercise their democratic rights

iii. They offer alternative ideas of running the government through different political parties

 iv. It is a constitutional requirement

v. They make elected leaders /prospective leaders work hard to ensure that they re-elected. 

Any 3x1 = 3 marks

b) Discuss six functions of the speaker of the National Assembly.                        (12mks) 

i. The speaker ensures that all the house proceedings are in accordance with the rule of procedure

ii.  Maintains order during debates and interprets the rule of the house

iii. The speaker disciplines members who have violated standing orders

 iv.  The speaker receives bills, motions, questions for the House to discuss /determines order of discussion

v.  The speaker keeps/maintains the attendance register/give permission for absenteeism

vi.  The speaker summons national assembly members from recess for a new session

vii. The speaker swears in new members before participating in house deliberations

viii.  The speaker adjourns sittings if the house lacks quorum

ix. The speaker of national Assembly is the chairperson of the parliamentary

x. The speaker represents parliament/at official functions outside the House

xi. The speaker protects the dignity /authority of the House

xii.  The speaker heads the general administration/spokesperson of the house.

 Any 6 well explained @2marks = 12 marks

24. a) State any three features of a good constitution.  (3mks) 

i. Able to protect the fundamental Rights and freedoms of citizens

ii.  Must be comprehensive/ contains/covers all aspect of government

iii.  Must be definite/clarity

iv.  Must be durable, elastic and not easily tampered with

v.  Must be flexible, hence address the change in needs of the society

vi. Should have a provision/procedure for its amendments

vii. Illegal aliens may be held up and deported to their countries of origin

                                                                                           Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks

b) Explain six challenges faced by the county governments in Kenya.      (12mks) 

i. High population in some counties making it difficult in the provision of quality services

ii.  Poor transport/communication network hinders the movement of goods/services

iii. Inadequate resources make it difficult for the counties to generate enough revenue for development

iv.  Rivalry/wrangling among leaders in the counties undermines the service delivery

v.  Corruption /embezzlement/misuse of funds slows down development in the counties

vi.  Delay in remittance of funds to the counties by the national government hampers county operations

vii. Natural calamities in some counties leads to diversion to diversion of resources to address emergencies/floods

viii.  Interference in county work by the national government

ix. Inadequate skilled personnel to man key departments within the county

x. Ethnicity/nepotisms employment undermines efficiency

xi. Duplication of roles with the national government  

xii. Conflict over common resources such as water/forestland between counties