SECTION A

Answer all the questions in this section

1. Name two Cushitic communities who migrated into Kenya during the Pre-colonial period ( 2 mks)

2. State two ways in which the Agikuyu interacted with Maasai during the Pre-colonial period   (2mks)

3. Give one economic duty of a Kenyan citizen   (1mk)

4. Give one advantage of dual citizenship to a Kenyan  ( 1 mk)

5. State two factors which enabled the Arabs to sail from Oman to the Kenyan coast  (2 mks)

6. Name one political factor that causes conflicts in Kenya   ( 1 mk)

7. State the main disadvantage of democracy ( 1 mk)

8. Name the type of constitution that is used in Kenya ( 1 mk)

9. Give two reasons why the British used the Imperial British East African Company IBEACo     (2 mks)

10. Give one way in which the construction of the Ugandan railway speeded up the colonization of Kenya    ( 1 mk)

11. Who formed the Kenya People’s Party in 1966?  ( 1 mk)

12.  State two roles of the civilians during the struggle for independence in Kenya  (2 mks)

13.  Give the main contribution of Wangari Maathai in the field of environment   ( 1 mk)

14.  Give one parliamentary election in Kenya( 1 mk)

15.  Identify two types of land ownership in Kenya   (2 mks)

16.  Identify one national philosophy adopted at independence to promote social justice in Kenya( 1 mk)

17.  Name two types of expenditure by the national government of Kenya   (2mks)

SECTION B

Answer any three questions in this section.

18. a) Identify five reasons why the highland Nilotes migrated from their original homeland during the pre-colonial period.   ( 5 mks)

b) Explain five results of the migration and settlement of the Highland Nilotes in Kenya(10 mks)

19. a) Explain five factors that influence the Akamba to participate in the long-distance trade  ( 5 mks)

b) Describe five effects of the long-distance trade on the people of Kenya (10 mks)

20.  a) Give five causes of Somali resistance to the British rule in Kenya during the 19th century  ( 5 mks)

b) Explain five negative effects of British colonial rule on the people of Kenya    (10 mks)

21. a) State five roles played by the trade union movement in the struggle for independence in Kenya    ( 5 mks)

 b) Explain five factors that facilitated Mau Mau Movement ( 10 mks)

SECTION C

Answer any two questions in this section

22a) Give three conditions that a person should meet to qualify to be a Kenyan citizen by birth    ( 3 mks)

b) Explain six social rights of the individual in Kenya ( 12 mks)

23 a) Outline three arms of the government in Kenya    ( 3 mks)

b) Explain six challenges facing the Judiciary in Kenya  ( 12 mks)

24 a) State three functions of the county government of Kenya( 5 mks)

b) Explain six ways in which the national government ensures effective utilization of public funds      ( 10 mks)