1. Define the term social history.  (1 mark)

i)   A branch of history that deals with traditional aspects, values, cultural practices,taboos ,beliefs dressing and eating habits.

2. Mention the second dispersal point of the Eastern Bantu.    (1 mark)

i)  Shungwaya

3. State two types of citizen responsibilities.  (2 marks)

i) Economic responsibilities

ii) Political responsibilities

iii)  Social responsibilities

4.  Identify one measure adopted by the Kenyan government to promote scientific research.(1 mark)

i) Encourage the teaching of sciences

ii) Fund/sponsor research projects/programs

ii) Build and manage research institutions

5. Give one way in which physical features contributed to the growth of Nairobi. (1 mark)

i) Athi plains provided a conducive environment for construction

6. State two economic factors that promotes national unity in Kenya.         (2 marks)

i) Equal employment

ii) Fair distribution of resources

iii) Social-economic activities eg trade

7.  State one right of the youth in Kenya provided in the constitution of Kenya 2010(1 mark)

i)Right to access to relevant education and training

ii) Guaranteed special opportunities to access employment

iii) Special opportunities in education and economic field

iv) Develop their cultural values, language and practices

v)Access to water, health services and infrastructure

8. Identify the last two steps in the constitution making process in Kenya.     (2 marks)

i) Presidential Assent

ii)Promulgation (presentation of the constitution to the people by the president)

9. Name the treaty that concluded the partition of East Africa.                                  (1 mark)

i) Anglo- German Agreement of 1886

11.  Identify one role played by Africans in health provision during the colonial period.(1 mark)

i) Provided medicine using herbal skills

ii)Some were trained to be lab assistants /dressing

iii)Were trained to observe sanitation

iv) They cleared bushes and drained stagnant water

v) Africans started taking the sick to the hospital to reduce mortality

12.  Give one reason way trade union movement did not begin in Kenya until 1914. (1 mark)

i) Were illiterate and lacked the knowledge of running the trade unions

ii)Were barred by the colonial policies

iii) Migrant labor laws discouraged

13.  State two recommendations of the Swynnerton plan of 1954.                               (2 marks)

i)  Consolidation of the African land

ii)  Registration of African Land for better management

14.  Give two examples of subordinate courts in Kenya.(2 marks)

i)   Magistrates court

ii)  Kadhis court

iii)  Court Marshal

iv) Tribunals

15.  Name two settlement schemes established after independence to settle the landless Kenyans.    (2 marks)

i)  The Million acre scheme 1963

ii) The Harambee schemes 1969

iii) The Haraka scheme         1969

iv)The Shirika schemes       1971

16.  Identify one example of a direct tax in Kenya.   (1 mark)

i)  Income tax (Pay As You Earn)

17. State two instances where national legislation prevails over county legislation. (2 marks)

i)If the national legislation applies uniformly throughout the county

ii)The national legislation aimed at preventing unreasonable action by the county

iii) Need to maintain national security

18.  a) State five economic activities of the Somali during the pre-colonial period.     (5 marks)

i)  Livestock keeping/ nomadic pastoralists

ii)  Hunting and gathering

iii) Craft industry/ Leather working/wood work

iv) Trading with neighbor

v)  Iron working

Rendile and Samburu against the Turkana

vi)  They introduced the age set system and the art of circumcision to the Bantu

vii)Cushitic communities eg displacement of other of other communities eg Displacement of the Mijikenda at Shungwaya

19.  a) State five methods used by the colonial administration to attract European settlers in Kenya. (5 marks)

i)  Protection of settler farmers/security

ii) Using colonial policies (Kipande system to ensure available labor)

iii) Introduction of native reserves to force Africans seek for employment

iv)  Introduction of forced labor

v)  Introduction of taxes  on Africans to force them look for wage employment

vi)Northey circular 1918-1919, requiring chiefs to recruit labor force

vii)  Cash crop growing being made the presence of whites

viii)  Introduction of squatter system ensure laborers resided on the farms

ix)  Development railway transport

x)  Establish Agro based industries to create Market for their products

xi) Credit and Extension facilities to the settler farmers

xii)  Allocation of Large tracks of land

b)Explain five factors that led to the formation of political organizations and movements in Kenya after 1945.                                                                                                                     (10 marks)

i) Attachment of independence by India and Pakistan

ii) Many Africans had been enlightened through acquisition of western education

iii)  Pan-Africanism inspired Africans (Kenyan elites)

iv)Experience of the ex-soldiers of world war two

v)  U.N.O advocated for decolonization to maintain world peace and security

vi) Labor party in Britain advocated for decolonization to ease the burden on taxpayers

vii)  Lennist and Marxist ideas that were against colonial exploitation

viii)Signing eg the Atlantic charter in 1941 between Britain and U.S.A-

Recognizing self determination of the subjects

ix) Emergence of U.S.A and USSR as world super powers; didn’t have ccolonies and therefore wanted to expand trading partners.

20.  a) Name five education commissions that were formed in post-independence in Kenya.(5 mark)

i)  Ominde commission 1964

ii) Gachathi Commission 1976

iii)Mackay commission     1982

iv)Kariithi commission 1983

v) Kamunge commission 1988

b)    Explain five challenges facing multi-party democracy in Kenya.  (10 marks)

i) Political parties are ethnically inclined

ii) Underfunding of political parties make them fail to run their activities iii)They are used as vehicles of assenting to power and amassing wealth

iv) Ideological differences between leaders affect the running of parties

v)   Interference by government machinery eg the use of the police curtail their operations

vi) Existence of many parties undermine free and fair elections as citizens who are not informed are bribed

vii)Personality differences among leaders has led infighting

21.  a) State three roles played by Wangari Maathai in promoting women empowerment.

(3 marks)

i)  Mobilized women into seedling growing to generate income

ii)Contested as a member of parliament to be a role model

iii) Laid emphasis for the education of a girl child in the society

b)Explain six achievements of Daniel Moi as the second president of Kenya.  (12 marks)

i)  Expanded medical facilities through the Nyayo wards

ii)   Participated in environmental conservation, building of gabions/planting of trees

iv)  Improved public transport through introduction of Nyayo bus services and building of roads and airports

v)  Expanded Agriculture by establishing Nyayo tea zones

vi) Launched the District focus for rural development to stir development

vii) He launched Nyayo philosophy to stir development

viii) Was involved in the conflict resolution in Uganda, Ethopia, Angola and Somalia

ix) Was elected the chairman of O.A.U for two years after Kenya hosted the OAU summit

22. a) State five characteristics of the human rights. (5 marks)

i)  They are universal; are applied anyone in all the nations

ii)  Are indivisible/one right cannot apply if the othe one does not exist

iii) They have limitations

iv)  Integral/inborn – applied to all by virtue of being human beings

v) Can be suspended /derogation

b)  Discuss the five methods used by the international community to solve conflicts.(10 marks)

i)   Use of peace keeping missions

ii) Use of envoys to mediate

iii) Use of the International Court of Justice

vi)  Religious action 

vii) Resort to regional agencies or arrangements 

23.  a) State five features of African socialism.     (5 marks) 

i)Political democracy/political equality/freedom of all 

ii) Mutual social responsibility 

iii) Freedom of ownership 

iv)  Progressive taxation to ensure equitable distribution of resources 

v)  Equity in resource utilization for mutual benefit 

vi) Diffusion of ownership to avoid economic disparity 

b) Explain five economic effects of national philosophies in the development of Kenya since independence.       (10 marks) 

i) Has promoted Africanisation in commerce and industry for self reliance 

ii) Encouraged setting up cooperative societies 

iii) Peace love and unity has promoted tourism through conservation of cultural, wildlife /environmental conservation 

iv) Improvement in transport infrastructure/ Nyayo bus services 

v)Promoted Agricultural through Nyayo tea zones 

24. a) Name three types of constitutionally established funds in Kenya.                    (3 marks) 

i)  Revenue fund 

ii)  Consolidated fund 

iii) Contingencies fund 

iv) Equalization fund 

b)Discuss six challenges facing devolved governments in Kenya.           (12 marks) 

i)  High population stretching available resources 

ii)  Natural calamities 

iii) Underdeveloped transport and communication 

iv)Inadequate resources to provide a solid revenue base 

v)Interference by the national government 

vi) Rivalry and wrangles among the leaders 

vii) Incapacity to man key departments/areas 

viii) Ethnicity/nepotism in employment affecting efficiency in service delivery 

ix) Duplication of roles between the national and county governments 

x)   Embezzlement of funds by corrupt county officials 

xi)  Delay in remittance of funds by the national government 

xii) Conflict over common resources such as water, forest land etc