312/1 GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 

(a) Apart from the Sun and the planets, give two other heavenly bodies found in the solar  system.(2 marks) 

(b)State three characteristics of the earth’s crust.   (3 marks) 

2. (a) Define the term weather.  (2 marks) 

(b) List two types of rainfall common in Kenya.                                                         (2 marks) 

3. (a) Name two parts of Africa that experience equatorial climate.   (2 marks) 

(b) List three major climatic regions of Kenya. (3 marks) 

4.  (a) Give two categories of lakes formed due to earth movements.  (2 marks)                               

(b)  State three conditions necessary for the formation of ox-bow lakes.(3 marks) 

5.  The diagram below shows an extrusive volcanic feature. 

(a) Identify the parts marked E, F and G.  (3 marks) 

(b) Outline three ways in which a caldera may be formed. (3 marks) 

SECTION B 

(Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section) 

6. Study the map of Kisumu East (1:50,000 sheet 116/2) provided and use it to answer the following questions. 

(a)(i) What is the four figure grid reference of the point where road B 2/1 reaches along the western margin of the map extract? (2 marks) 

(ii) Measure the length of Kisumu Municipality boundary. Give your answer in kilometres. (2 marks) 

(b) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map.  (5 marks) 

(c) Citing evidence from the map, give three social services offered at Kisumu Town. (6 marks) 

(d) (i) Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 100m, draw an accurate cross-section along   easting 05 from northing 99 to northing 92.   (4 marks) 

(ii)       On the cross section, mark and name: 

Ø  A steep slope 

Ø  A boundary 

Ø  Road C 543/1 

Ø  A railway line.                                                     (4 marks) 

(iii)  Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section.  (2 marks) 

7. (a) (i) Define the term folding.  (2 marks)                   

(b) (i) Name five types of folds.   (5 marks) 

(ii)  With the aid of well labelled diagrams, describe how Fold Mountains were formed.       (10 marks) 

(c) Explain four economic importance Fold Mountains to people.   (8 marks) 

8.  (a)  (i)  Define the term earthquake. (2 marks) 

 (ii) The diagram below shows the occurrence of an earthquake. Name the parts marked A, B, and C.  (3 marks) 

(b)  (i) Apart from the movement of tectonic plates, outline four other natural causes of      earthquakes.    (4 marks) 

(ii) Explain two ways in which movement of tectonic plates causes earthquakes.  (4 marks) 

(c) State three differences between the intensity and magnitude of an earthquake.       (6 marks) 

(d) Explain three effects of earthquakes in built up areas.   (6 marks) 

9. (a) (i) What is a river?   (2 marks) 

(ii)  List three types of river erosion. 3 marks) 

(b) Explain four ways through which a gorge may be formed.  (8 marks) 

(c) Explain the following drainage systems. 

(i) Accordant drainage.  (2 marks) 

(iii) Back tilted drainage.  (2 marks)                   

(d)Suppose you were to carry out a field study along the lower course of a major         river. 

(i)State five reasons why it is important to conduct a pre-visit to the area   of study.      (5 marks) 

(ii)State three follow –up activities that you would do after the study.      (3 marks) 

10. The diagram below shows some features that form ocean topography. 

(a) (i)  Identify the features marked X, Y and Z.  (3 marks) 

(ii) State three sources of salt in ocean water.   (3 marks) 

(b) Explain how the following factors influence the rate of wave erosion: 

(i)  Gradient of the coast.   (2 marks) 

(ii) Nature of coastal rocks.   (2 marks) 

(iii)  Size of waves.                                                                                                            (2 marks) 

(c) Describe how a cave is formed at the coast.   (5 marks) 

(d) Explain four economic importance of coastal features. (8 marks)